Editing Clerk of the United States House of Representatives

{{Short description|Chief record-keeper of the House}}
{{Redirect|Clerk of the House of Representatives|the Australian office|Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives|the New Zealand office|Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Clerk
| body = the United States House of Representatives
| image = JT.jpg
| incumbent = [[Jack Tentacles]]
| department = [[United States House of Representatives]]
| insignia = [[File:Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives logo.svg|250px]]
| incumbentsince = January 13th, 2025
| insigniacaption = Logo of the clerk of the United States House of Representatives
| first = [[John Beckley]]
| termlength_qualified = (nominally a two-year Congress)
| nominator = [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]
| appointer = Elected by the House
| termlength = Pleasure of the House
| website = {{official URL}}
| deputy = [[Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]
| type = Clerk
}}

The '''Clerk of the United States House of Representatives''' is an officer of the [[United States House of Representatives]], whose primary duty is to act as the chief record-keeper for the House.

Along with the other House officers, the clerk is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new [[United States Congress|Congress]]. The majority and minority [[Congressional caucus|caucuses]] nominate candidates for the House officer positions after the election of the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]]. The full House adopts a [[resolution (law)|resolution]] to elect the officers, who will begin serving after they have taken the [[oath of office]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives – About The Clerk|publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives|url=https://clerk.house.gov/About#OverviewContact|access-date=October 15, 2023}}</ref> The [[Article One of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Speaker and other officers; Impeachment|House Officers and Impeachment Clause of Article I, Section II]] states "The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Federalist Papers|editor-first=Clinton|editor-last=Rossiter|editor-link=Clinton Rossiter|publisher=[[New American Library|Signet Classics]]|year=2003|page=543|isbn=9780451528810|title-link=The Federalist Papers}}</ref> The [[Article Six of the United States Constitution#Oaths|Oath or Affirmation Clause of Article VI]] provides that "all ... [[Officer of the United States|Officers ... of the United States]] ... shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution",<ref>{{cite book|title=The Federalist Papers|editor-first=Clinton|editor-last=Rossiter|editor-link=Clinton Rossiter|publisher=[[New American Library|Signet Classics]]|year=2003|pages=555–556|isbn=9780451528810|title-link=The Federalist Papers}}</ref> and pursuant to Article VI, the [[1st United States Congress]] passed the [[An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths|Oath Administration Act]] (that remains in effect) which provides that "...the oath or affirmation [required by the sixth article of the Constitution of the United States]… shall be administered ... to the [C]lerk".<ref>{{USStat|1|23}}, {{USStat|1|24}}, {{USPL|1|1}}, {{USC|2|25}}</ref>

The incumbent clerk is [[Kevin McCumber]]. He was elected to replace [[Cheryl Johnson]] following her resignation on June 30, 2023, during the [[118th United States Congress|118th Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fortinsky |first1=Sarah |title=House clerk who oversaw McCarthy's Speaker fight resigns |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4063185-house-clerk-who-oversaw-mccarthy-speaker-fight-resigns/ |access-date=July 5, 2023 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=June 22, 2023}}</ref> Lisa Grant is a deputy clerk of the House.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://clerk.house.gov/About#OverviewContact|title=Office of the Clerk - Overview & Contact|access-date=2023-01-06}}</ref>

The [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]<ref>{{cite web|title=United States Constitution |url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html|website=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=August 21, 2014|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820025547/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html|archive-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> states in [[Article One of the United States Constitution|Article 1]], Section 2, “The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers...”  On April 1, 1789, when the House of Representatives convened with its first [[Quorum#United States|quorum]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States Volume 1|date=1789|publisher=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875|page=6 |url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhj.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210031712/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhj.html|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> its initial order of business was the election of the speaker, [[Frederick Muhlenberg|Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg]], a representative from [[Pennsylvania]]. The next order of business was the election of the clerk, [[John J. Beckley|John Beckley]] of Virginia.

The first five clerks of the House also served as [[Librarian of Congress]], which became a separate position in 1815. [[South Trimble]], a former representative from Kentucky, who served as clerk from 1911 to 1919 and again from 1931 to 1946, is the longest-tenured clerk in House history.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Office|url=http://clerk.house.gov/about/history.aspx|website=Office of the Clerk |publisher=United States House of Representatives|access-date=August 21, 2014|url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140822230553/http://clerk.house.gov/about/history.aspx|archive-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>

==Duties==
{{United States House of Representatives}}

===Organization of House===
When the newly elected members of the House gather on January 3, it is the clerk of the House who summons representatives and convenes the new Congress for the first time. Accordingly, the clerk calls the House to order by [[gavel]]ing it into session.  After a prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, the clerk then calls the roll of representatives-elect, which is done as an electronic quorum call in the modern era, and then oversees the election of a speaker. During these processes, the clerk must "preserve order and decorum and decide all questions of order," which is subject to appeal.<ref name="CRSFirstDay">{{Cite report |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30725/33 |title=The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor |last=Davis |first=Christopher |date=December 15, 2022 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |edition=33 |format=pdf}}</ref>

The Speaker is then sworn in, takes the chair, administers oaths to the rest of the members-elect, and the House then proceeds with other business.

====Disputes in 19th century====
In the 19th century, the power of the preceding House clerk to organize the House played a significant role at the beginning of several congresses.<ref name="jenkinsstewart">Jeffrey Jenkins and Charles Stewart III, More than Just a Mouthpiece: The House Clerk as Party Operative, 1789-1870, Manuscript, 2005, available at [https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.usc.edu/dist/2/77/files/2018/01/Clerk-Paper-v6-1ggx4ph.pdf].</ref> Following the 1838 elections, at the first meeting of the [[26th Congress]] in December 1839, House clerk Hugh Garland omitted the names of five [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]] from New Jersey from the roll call.  After days of debate, the Whigs were not seated, effectively creating a Democratic majority in a closely divided House.  Only then was the roll call completed and a Speaker elected.<ref name=jenkinsstewart />{{rp|15–17}}

In 1863, at the beginning of the [[38th Congress]] during the Civil War, House clerk [[Emerson Etheridge]] called the roll, excluding 16 members from five pro-Union states (Maryland, Missouri, West Virginia, Kansas, and Oregon) while including three members from Louisiana.<ref name=jenkinsstewart />{{rp|24}}  The effort failed, a motion was made to add the missing delegations, and a speaker was then elected.<ref name=jenkinsstewart />{{rp|25}}  [[Edward McPherson]] was then elected to replace Etheridge as clerk for the 38th Congress.

Two years later, in December 1865 as the path of [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] was being determined, McPherson omitted the names of members-elect from Tennessee, Virginia, and Louisiana from the roll for the [[39th Congress]], and allowed no interference or interruption during his call.  After heated debate, in which a member-elect from Tennessee tried to gain floor recognition but was denied, a motion was made by [[Thaddeus Stevens]] to proceed to the election of Speaker, which was eventually agreed to.<ref name=jenkinsstewart />{{rp|26–27}}  This enabled the [[Radical Republicans]] to firmly control Congress, ultimately imposing stricter conditions on readmission of Southern states and enabling Congress to override many vetoes from President [[Andrew Johnson]].

===Other duties===

Federal law requires the clerk to notify each state government of the [[United States congressional apportionment|number of seats apportioned]] to the state no later than January 25 of the year immediately following each [[decennial]] [[United States census|census]].

Rule II of the [[Procedures of the United States House of Representatives|House Rules]] requires the clerk to:
* prepare the roll of members-elect.
* call the members-elect to order at the commencement of each Congress; to call the roll of Members-elect, and, pending the election of the speaker, to preserve order and decorum; and to decide all questions of order.
* prepare and distribute at the beginning of every session a list of reports required to be made to Congress.
* note all questions of order, and decisions thereon, and to print these as an appendix to the Journal of each session of the House.
* prepare and print the [[United States House Journal|House Journal]] after each session of Congress, and to distribute the Journal to members and to the [[Governor (United States)|executive]] and the [[State legislature (United States)|legislature of each State]].
* attest and affix the seal of the House to all writs, warrants, and subpoenas and formal documents issued by the House.
* certify the passage by the House of all bills and joint resolutions.
* receive messages from the president and the Senate when the House is not in session.
* prepare and deliver messages to the Senate and otherwise as requested by the House.
* retain, in the official library, a permanent set of the books and documents generated by the House.
* manage the office and supervise the staff of any vacant member (the vacancy may have occurred by [[Expulsion from the United States Congress|expulsion]], [[resignation]], or death) until a [[List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives|successor is elected]].

In addition, the clerk:
* acts as custodian of all noncurrent records of the House, pursuant to Rule VII.
* is responsible, under the supervision and direction of the U.S. House of Representatives Fine Arts Board, for the administration, maintenance, and display of the works of fine art and other similar property of the Congress for display or for other use in the House wing of the Capitol, the House Office Buildings, or any other location under the control of the House (P.L. 100-696). In addition, pursuant to the rules of the [[United States Capitol Preservation Commission]], the clerk may be asked to provide staff support and assistance to the commission.
<!--Source: http://clerk.house.gov/clerk/duties.html. Public domain government work. Accessed December 3, 2005.-->

== History ==
On April 1, 1789, the House of Representatives convened with its first quorum. Its initial order of business was the election of the speaker, [[Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg]], a representative from Pennsylvania. The next order of business was the election of the clerk, [[John Beckley]] of Virginia. Although the clerk's title is derived from that of the clerk of the [[British House of Commons]], the duties are similar to those prescribed for the [[Charles Thomson|Secretary of the Continental Congress]] in March 1785.

In addition to the duties involved in organizing the House and presiding over its activities at the commencement of each Congress, the clerk is charged with a number of legislative functions; some of these, such as the constitutional requirement of maintaining the [[United States House Journal|House Journal]], have existed from the time of the [[First United States Congress|first Congress]], whereas others have been added over the years because of changes in procedure and organization.

== List of clerks ==
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.house.gov/People/Office/Clerks/|title=Clerks of the House {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|website=History.house.gov|access-date=2020-01-30}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col"|Image
!scope="col"|Name
!scope="col"|State
!scope="col"|Years
|-
|1a
|
|[[John J. Beckley|John Beckley]]
|Virginia
|1789–1797
|-
|2
|
|[[Jonathan Condy]]
|Pennsylvania
|1797–1799
|-
|3
|
|John Holt Oswald
|Pennsylvania
|1799–1801
|-
|1b
|
|[[John J. Beckley|John Beckley]]
|Virginia
|1801–1807
|-
|4
|[[File:Patrick Magruder, head-and-shoulders portrait; Librarian of Congress 1807-1815 LCCN2011647029.jpg|60px]]
|[[Patrick Magruder]]
|Maryland
|1807–1815
|-
|5
|
|Thomas Dougherty
|Kentucky
|1815–1822
|-
|6a
|
|[[Matthew St. Clair Clarke|Matthew Clarke]]
|Pennsylvania
|1822–1833
|-
|7
|[[File:Walter Simonds Franklin.jpg|60px]]
|[[Walter S. Franklin (politician)|Walter Franklin]]
|Pennsylvania
|1833–1838
|-
|8
|[[File:Portrait of Hugh Alfred Garland (cropped).jpg|60px]]
|[[Hugh A. Garland|Hugh Garland]]
|Virginia
|1838–1841
|-
|6b
|
|[[Matthew St. Clair Clarke|Matthew Clarke]]
|Pennsylvania
|1841–1843
|-
|9
|
|[[Caleb J. McNulty]]
|Ohio
|1843–1845
|-
|10
|[[File:Benjamin Brown French (cropped).jpg|60px]]
|[[Benjamin Brown French]]
|New Hampshire
|1845–1847
|-
|11
|
|[[Thomas Jefferson Campbell|Thomas Campbell]]
|Tennessee
|1847–1850
|-
|12
|[[File:RYoung.jpg|60px]]
|[[Richard M. Young]]
|Illinois
|1850–1851
|-
|13a
|[[File:Photograph of John W. Forney, Secretary of the Senate - NARA - 526861 (3x4).jpg|60px]]
|[[John Weiss Forney]]
|Pennsylvania
|1851–1856
|-
|14
|
|[[William Cullom]]
|Tennessee
|1856–1857
|-
|15
|[[File:James C. Allen (cropped).jpg|60px]]
|[[James C. Allen]]
|Illinois
|1857–1860
|-
|13b
|[[File:Photograph of John W. Forney, Secretary of the Senate - NARA - 526861 (3x4).jpg|60px]]
|[[John Weiss Forney]]
|Pennsylvania
|1860–1861
|-
|16
|[[File:Emerson Etheridge crop.png|60px]]
|[[Emerson Etheridge]]
|Tennessee
|1861–1863
|-
|17a
|[[File:Edward McPherson.jpg|60px]]
|[[Edward McPherson]]
|Pennsylvania
|1863–1875
|-
|18
|[[File:George Madison Adams LOC.jpg|60px]]
|[[George Madison Adams|George Adams]]
|Kentucky
|1875–1881
|-
|17b
|[[File:Edward McPherson.jpg|60px]]
|[[Edward McPherson]]
|Pennsylvania
|1881–1883
|-
|19
|[[File:John Bullock Clark - Brady-Handy.jpg|60px]]
|[[John Bullock Clark Jr.|John Clark]]
|Missouri
|1883–1889
|-
|17c
|[[File:Edward McPherson.jpg|60px]]
|[[Edward McPherson]]
|Pennsylvania
|1889–1891
|-
|20
|[[File:James Kerr (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg|60px]]
|[[James Kerr (Pennsylvania politician)|James Kerr]]
|Pennsylvania
|1891–1895
|-
|21
|[[File:Alexander McDowell.jpg|60px]]
|[[Alexander McDowell]]
|Pennsylvania
|1895–1911
|-
|22a
|[[File:South-Trimble-portrait.jpg|60px]]
|[[South Trimble]]
|Kentucky
|1911–1919
|-
|23
|[[File:Wm. Tyler Page LCCN2014714631.jpg|60px]]
|[[William Tyler Page]]
|Maryland
|1919–1931
|-
|22b
|[[File:South-Trimble-portrait.jpg|60px]]
|[[South Trimble]]
|Kentucky
|1931–1946
|-
|24
|
|Harry Newlin Megill
|Maryland
|1946–1947
|-
|25
|
|John Andrews
|Massachusetts
|1947–1949
|-
|26a
|
|[[Ralph R. Roberts|Ralph Roberts]]
|Indiana
|1949–1953
|-
|27
|
|Lyle Snader
|Illinois
|1953–1955
|-
|26b
|
|[[Ralph R. Roberts|Ralph Roberts]]
|Indiana
|1955–1967
|-
|28
|[[File:W. Pat Jennings.jpg|60px]]
|[[W. Pat Jennings|Pat Jennings]]
|Virginia
|1967–1975
|-
|29
|
|Edmund Henshaw
|Virginia
|1975–1983
|-
|30
|
|Benjamin Guthrie
|Virginia
|1983–1987
|-
|31
|
|Donnald Anderson
|California
|1987–1995
|-
|32
|[[File:Robin Carle.jpg|60px]]
|[[Robin H. Carle]]
|Idaho
|1995–1998
|-
|33
|[[File:Jeff Trandahl.jpg|60px]]
|[[Jeff Trandahl]]
|South Dakota
|1999–2005
|-
|34a
|[[File:KarenLHaas.jpg|60px]]
|[[Karen L. Haas]]
|Maryland
|2005–2007
|-
|35
|[[File:Lorraine Miller.jpg|60px]]
|[[Lorraine Miller]]
|Texas
|2007–2011
|-
|34b
|[[File:KarenLHaas.jpg|60px]]
|[[Karen L. Haas]]
|Maryland
|2011–2019
|-
|36
|[[File:Cheryl L. Johnson.jpg|60px]]
|[[Cheryl Johnson|Cheryl L. Johnson]]
|Louisiana
|2019–2023
|-
|37
|[[File:Kevin McCumber official portrait.jpg|60px]]
|[[Kevin McCumber]]
|Illinois
|2023–present
|}

== Offices and services ==
In addition to the clerk's main office, located in H154 of the U.S. Capitol, there are nine offices that fall under the clerk's jurisdiction.

=== Capitol Service Groups ===
The Capitol Service Groups provide support services to the maintenance of the Republican and Democratic cloakrooms, the [[Lindy Boggs|Lindy Claiborne Boggs]] Congressional Women's Reading Room, the Members and Family Committee Room, and the Capitol Prayer Room.

=== House Page Program ===
[[United States House of Representatives Page|Pages]] were high school juniors who served as support staff for the U.S. House of Representatives, either for one of two school semester sessions or one of two summer sessions. The program was discontinued in 2011.

=== Legislative Computer Systems (LCS) ===
The Legislative Computer Systems office provides technical support for offices under the clerk and maintains the electronic voting system on the House floor.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/clerk/Offices_Services/index.html |title=Offices & Services - Office of the Clerk |website=clerk.house.gov |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040414233901/http://clerk.house.gov/clerk/Offices_Services/index.html |archive-date=14 April 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Legislative Resource Center (LRC) ===
The Legislative Resource Center (LRC), a division of the Office of the Clerk, supports House legislative functions and keeps the public informed about the House and its legislative activities. LRC ensures that House-related information is accessible to all.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Legislative Resource Center (LRC)|url=http://clerk.house.gov/about/offices_lrc.aspx|access-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150226010032/http://clerk.house.gov/about/offices_lrc.aspx|archive-date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>

==== Legislative information ====
LRC supplies House members with the documents under consideration on the House floor. LRC also gathers and verifies information on actions by House committees and the President of the United States regarding legislation. The data are stored in the Legislative Information Management System (LIMS), an in-house system that tracks all legislation from its introduction on the floor to its signing by the President.

Through two functions, the [[United States House of Representatives Library]] and the House Document Room, LRC serves as the repository and a disseminator of official House legislative documents and publications. The library's collection comprises more than 200,000 volumes, as well as legislative and legal databases. The House Document Room stores hard copies of legislative documents and publications from the current and two preceding congresses, and makes them available to the public upon request, free of charge.

In addition, LRC responds to inquiries from congressional staff and the public regarding legislative information about Congress.

==== Public disclosure ====
LRC manages and serves as the customer service contact for lobbying disclosure filings, as well as public disclosure forms from all House officers, members, and staff. The center provides filers with forms and guidance on filing procedures, and responds to inquiries about disclosure from filers and others.

LRC gathers, organizes, and retains disclosure registrations and reports, and makes them accessible to the public, on-site and virtually.

==== House membership information ====
LRC compiles and publishes these official lists and informational publications about the House:
* Official lists of members
* The list of House standing committees and subcommittees
* The House telephone directory
* House office building directories
* Nominee and election statistics (presidential and congressional).

==== Support for congressional offices ====
LRC works with the [[Government Publishing Office]] to support congressional offices with orders for official stationery and envelopes and other print services.

=== Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian ===
The Office of Art and Archives & Office of the Historian collect, preserve, and interpret the artifacts and records of the House. The offices are responsible for the House's historical documentation, the [[House Collection of Fine Art and Artifacts]], and the official records of the House from 1789 to the present. The [[Curator of the House of Representatives|House curator]] and chief of the office, Farar Elliott, curates the House Collection of several thousand objects and oversees the records of the House. Together with the [[Historian of the United States House of Representatives|historian of the House]], the Office of Art and Archives oversees the institution's website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.house.gov|title=Homepage|website=History.house.gov|access-date=January 1, 2014}}</ref>

=== Office of House Employment Counsel (OHEC) ===
This office provides advice about employment practices and acts as legal representation for all employing authorities in the House.<ref name="auto"/>

=== Office of Legislative Operations ===
This office coordinates the services of the bill and enrolling clerks, the journal clerks, the tally clerks, the daily digests, and the floor action reporting.

The Office of Legislative Operations provides support pertaining to the clerk's legislative duties. Among the duties of this office are receiving and processing official papers; compiling and publishing the daily minutes of House proceedings; operating the electronic voting system and overseeing the recording of votes; preparing messages to the Senate regarding passed legislation; and reading the bills, resolutions, amendments, motions, and Presidential messages that come before the House. The Office of Legislative Operations also prepares the summaries and schedules of House activities published in the Daily Digest section of the Congressional Record.

==== Bill clerks ====
A bill clerk receives and processes official papers including introduced bills and resolutions, amendments and additional co-sponsors.

==== Journal clerks ====
A journal clerk compiles the daily minutes of House proceedings and publishes these in the ''House Journal'' at the end of each session. The ''House Journal'' is the official record of the proceedings maintained in accordance with Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hudiburg |first1=Jane A. |title=The ''House Journal'': Origin, Purpose, and Approval |date=May 31, 2018 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |location=Washington, DC |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45209.pdf |access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref>

==== Tally clerks ====
A tally clerk operates the electronic voting system, oversees the recording of votes on the House floor, receives reports of committees, and prepares the Calendar of the United States House of Representatives and History of Legislation.

==== Enrolling clerks ====
An enrolling clerk prepares all messages to the Senate regarding passed legislation, the official engrossed copy of all House-passed measures, and the official enrollment of all House-originated measures that have cleared both bodies of Congress.

==== Reading clerks ====
{{main|Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives}}
A reading clerk is responsible for the reading of all bills, resolutions, amendments, motions and presidential messages that come before the House; reports formally to the Senate all legislative actions taken by the House.
<!--Source: http://clerk.house.gov/clerk/Offices_Services/legisOp.html. Public domain government work. Accessed December 3, 2005.-->

=== Office of Publication Services (OPS) ===
This office processes official print orders, such as those for letterhead and envelopes, for the House and produces official House publications, including the Official List of Members, the Capitol Directory Card, and the House Telephone Directory.

This office also develops and maintains the clerk's official website and the ''Kids in the House'' web site.

=== Official reporters ===
This office transcribes House proceedings verbatim for publication in the Congressional Record and provides stenographic support to committees for all hearings, meetings, and mark-up sessions.<ref name="auto"/>

==See also==
*[[Secretary of the United States Senate]]
*[[Clerk of the House of Commons]] (United Kingdom) 
*[[Clerk of the House of Commons (Canada)]]
*[[Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives]]
*[[Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives]]
*[[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]] (India)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://clerk.house.gov/}}
* [http://www.votesmart.org/resource_govt101_02.php The Hopper]

{{USCongress}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Legislative clerks|United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Clerks of the United States House of Representatives|*]]