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===Network management and peering=== In September 2007, a rumor emerged among tech blogs that Comcast was throttling or even blocking internet traffic transmitted via the [[BitTorrent protocol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://torrentfreak.com/comcast-throttles-bittorrent-traffic-seeding-impossible/|title=Comcast Throttles BitTorrent Traffic, Seeding Impossible|publisher=TorrentFreak|author=Ernesto|date=August 17, 2007|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> Comcast vehemently denied the accusations of blocking traffic, stating that "Comcast does not, has not, and will not block any Web sites or online applications, including peer-to-peer services", and that "We engage in reasonable network management".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3708751/Comcast+Again+Denies+P2P+Throttling.htm|title=Comcast Again Denies P2P Throttling|publisher=Internet News|author= Andy Patrizio|date=November 2, 2007|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> After more widespread confirmation that Comcast was throttling BitTorrent traffic,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna21376597|title=Comcast Blocks Some Internet Traffic|author=Peter Svensson|website=[[NBC News]]|date=November 19, 2007|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> Comcast said it occasionally delayed BitTorrent traffic in order to speed up other kinds of data, but declined to go into specifics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/comcast-were-delaying-not-blocking-bittorrent-traffic/comment-page-3/|title=Comcast: We're Delaying, Not Blocking, BitTorrent Traffic|publisher=New York Times Bits|author=BRAD STONE|date=October 22, 2007|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> Following the announcement of an official investigation by the FCC,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2008/01/fcc-to-investigate-comcast-bittorrent-blocking/|title=FCC to investigate Comcast BitTorrent blocking|publisher=ArsTechnica|author=Ryan Paul|date=January 9, 2008|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> Comcast voluntarily ended the traffic discrimination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2008/03/27/comcast-and-bittorrent-enemies-become-netneutral-friends.html|title=Comcast and BitTorrent: Enemies Become "Net-Neutral" Friends|publisher=CNBC|author=Julia Boorstin|date=March 27, 2008|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> The FCC investigation concluded that Comcast's throttling policies were illegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10004508-38.html#!|title=FCC formally rules Comcast's throttling of BitTorrent was illegal|publisher=Cnet|author=Declan McCullagh|date=August 1, 2008|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> However, after filing a lawsuit in September 2008,<ref>[http://www.multichannel.com/content/comcast-sues-fcc-over-network-management-finding Comcast sues FCC over network management finding]. Multichannel.com. Retrieved on February 9, 2013.</ref> Comcast overturned the illegality of its network management in 2010, as the court ruled that the FCC lacked the authority to enforce net neutrality under the FCC's then current regulatory policy. The court suggested instead of its current framework, the FCC move to a [[common carrier]] structure to justify its enforcement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-20001825-38.html|title=Court: FCC has no power to regulate Net neutrality|publisher=Cnet|author=Declan McCullagh|date=April 6, 2010|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> As of February 2014, the FCC has announced a new justification,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/20/business/fcc-to-propose-new-rules-on-open-internet.html|title=F.C.C. Seeks a New Path on 'Net Neutrality' Rules|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=EDWARD WYATT|date=February 19, 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> but avoided the more extensive regulation required by the common carrier framework.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5425808/fcc-chair-announces-plan-for-new-net-neutrality-rules|title=The FCC has a plan to save net neutrality, but no one likes it|publisher=TheVerge|author=Adi Robertson|date=February 19, 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, [[Netflix]] signed an agreement with [[Level 3 Communications]] to carry its data. Shortly after, Level 3 entered a heated dispute concerning whether Level 3 would have to pay Comcast to bridge their respective networks, in an agreement known as [[peering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2010/11/29/level-3-comcast-in-a-cat-fight-over-online-video/|title=Level 3, Comcast in a Cat Fight Over Online Video|publisher=Gigaom|author=Stacey Higginbotham|date=November 29, 2010|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> The disagreement continued as Netflix's current carrier, [[Cogent Communications]], explicitly placed blame for Netflix bottlenecks on Comcast and several other ISPs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/02/21/netflix-cogent-verizon/|title=Netflix's internet provider claims Verizon, Comcast and Time Warner are causing streaming bottlenecks (update)|publisher=Endgadget|author=Ben Gilbert |date=February 21, 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> In February 2014, after rumors surfaced that Comcast and Netflix had reached an unspecified agreement,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2014/02/21/comcast-netflix-peering/|title=Sources: Netflix and Comcast have reached a peering agreement|publisher=Gigaom|author=Stacey Higginbotham|date=February 21, 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> the companies confirmed that Netflix was paying Comcast to connect to its network.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-netflix-comcast-20140224,0,1476262.story|title=Netflix to pay Comcast for smoother online video streaming |newspaper=LA Times|author=Dawn C. Chmielewski|date=February 23, 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> The details of the agreement are not public,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.time.com/2014/02/23/comcast-netflix-deal/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224021332/http://business.time.com/2014/02/23/comcast-netflix-deal/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 24, 2014|title=Comcast's Traffic Pact With Netflix Is Shrouded in Secrecy|publisher=Time|author=Sam Gustin |date=February 23, 2014|access-date=February 27, 2014}}</ref> and speculation disagrees about whether the agreement is a precedent against [[net neutrality]], or a continuation of normal peering agreements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-24/netflixs-deal-with-comcast-isnt-about-net-neutrality-except-that-it-is|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225151942/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-24/netflixs-deal-with-comcast-isnt-about-net-neutrality-except-that-it-is|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 25, 2014|title=Netflix's Deal With Comcast Isn't About Net Neutrality—Except That It Is|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|author=Joshua Brustein|date=February 24, 2014|access-date=February 27, 2014}}</ref>
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