Editing Harvard University (section)

==== Divestment ====
Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated [[divestment|divesting]] Harvard's endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in [[South Africa]] during [[apartheid]], [[Sudan]] during the [[Darfur genocide]], and [[tobacco industry|tobacco]], [[fossil fuel]], and [[private prison]] industries.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Alli |last=Welton|title=Harvard Students Vote 72 Percent Support for Fossil Fuel Divestment|magazine=The Nation|date=November 20, 2012|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/harvard-students-vote-72-percent-support-fossil-fuel-divestment/|access-date=July 27, 2015|archive-date=July 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725011546/http://www.thenation.com/article/harvard-students-vote-72-percent-support-fossil-fuel-divestment/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Alexandra A.|last=Chaidez|title=Harvard Prison Divestment Campaign Delivers Report to Mass. Hall|newspaper=The Harvard Crimson|date=October 22, 2019|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/10/22/prison-divestment-petition/|access-date=December 15, 2019|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306152230/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/10/22/prison-divestment-petition/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the late 1980s, during the [[disinvestment from South Africa]] movement, student activists erected a symbolic [[shanty town]] on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.<ref name="GeorgeKaufman2012">{{cite news|first1=Michael C.|last1=George|first2=David W.|last2=Kaufman|title=Students Protest Investment in Apartheid South Africa|newspaper=The Harvard Crimson|date=May 23, 2012|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/5/23/Protest-Divestment-Apartheid/?page=single|access-date=July 27, 2015|archive-date=January 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124132732/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/5/23/Protest-Divestment-Apartheid/?page=single|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Anjali|last=Cadambi|title=Harvard University community campaigns for divestment from apartheid South Africa, 1977–1989|website=Global Nonviolent Action Database|date=September 19, 2010|url=http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/harvard-university-community-campaigns-divestment-apartheid-south-africa-1977-1989|access-date=July 27, 2015|archive-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918195125/http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/harvard-university-community-campaigns-divestment-apartheid-south-africa-1977-1989|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by {{USD|230 million|long=no}}, out of a total of {{USD|400 million|long=no}}, in response to the pressure.<ref name="GeorgeKaufman2012" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Anthony Waters Jr.|title=Historical Dictionary of United States-Africa Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQzZ0hhvGZAC&pg=PA77|date=March 20, 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6291-3|page=77|access-date=October 14, 2015|archive-date=January 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124132732/https://books.google.com/books?id=LQzZ0hhvGZAC&pg=PA77|url-status=live}}</ref>